Discus: Complete Guide to Keeping and Breeding This Exceptional Fish

Introduction

The Discus is often considered the king of aquarium fish. Native to the Amazon basin, this cichlid fascinates with its round shape, spectacular colors, and unique behavior.

However, unlike other ornamental fish, Discus require strict care: water quality, proper feeding, environmental stability, and close observation.

In this complete guide, we will cover:

• the origin of the discus

• its aquarium requirements

• ideal water parameters

• its diet

• the most common diseases

• the keys to successful breeding

Whether you are a beginner or an experienced aquarist, this guide will give you all the basics to keep Discus in perfect health.

Origin of the Discus

The Discus originates from the Amazon basin in South America.

It is mainly found in:

• the Rio Negro

• the Rio Solimões

• the Rio Madeira

These areas are characterized by:

• very soft water

• low mineral content

• acidic pH

• high temperature

In the wild, discus live in groups in calm areas, often near submerged roots.

Different Varieties of Discus

Today, there are two main categories:

Wild Discus

They come directly from the Amazon.

Examples:

• Heckel

• Brown

• Green

• Blue

They are highly valued for their pure genetics but often require more demanding care.

Tank-Bred Discus

Most discus sold today come from selective breeding.

Examples include:

• turquoise

• rafflesia

• moonstone

• snakeskin

• red melon

These varieties have been selected for their colors and spectacular patterns.

What Aquarium for Discus?

Discus are schooling fish.

It is recommended to keep at least 5 to 6 individuals.

Recommended volume:

A spacious aquarium helps:

• reduce stress

• limit hierarchical conflicts

• maintain better water quality

Ideal Water Parameters

Discus are sensitive to parameter fluctuations.

Recommended parameters:

• Temperature: 28 to 30°C

• pH: 6 to 7

• GH: 1 to 6

• NO2: 0 mg/L

• NO3: < 20 mg/L

Clean and stable water is the key to success.

Feeding the Discus

Discus are omnivorous fish.

In an aquarium, they can be fed with:

• homemade food (beef heart, mussels, shrimp)

• specialized pellets

• brine shrimp

• frozen food

A varied diet ensures:

• optimal growth

• a strong immune system

• more intense colors

Discus Behavior

Discus are social and hierarchical fish.

Within a group, a hierarchy forms:

• dominant fish

• subordinate fish

Some behaviors are normal:

• temporarily dark discus

• rapid breathing after stress

• occasional isolation

However, these signs can also indicate a health issue.

Most Common Diseases

Discus can be sensitive to certain diseases:

• gill parasites

• intestinal parasites

• bacterial infections

• hexamita

Symptoms to watch:

• dark coloration

• loss of appetite

• rapid breathing

• isolation

• clamped fins

Early detection often allows effective treatment.

Discus Breeding

Discus have fascinating reproductive behavior.

Once a pair is formed, they:

• clean a surface

• lay eggs

• fan the eggs

• feed the fry with skin mucus

This phenomenon is unique among aquarium fish.

Conclusion

Discus are spectacular but demanding fish.

With:

• high-quality water

• proper feeding

• a stable environment

it is possible to keep Discus healthy for many years.

Article written by Franck Le Bozec – Discus breeder in Brittany

Founder of LB Discus, a breeding facility specialized in French-bred discus reproduction.